For the survival of humans, animals industries and agricultural sector, fresh water has always been a vital commodity. With the increase in each of the above factors makes an increase in its supply in the future important. As it is becoming a scarce commodity. There are various seawater technologies that have come up which aided significantly in achieving the objective.
Marine water comprises a whole 97% of the aqua storage on earth. This is followed by the glaciers which make up only 2% of the summation. Surprisingly only 0.5% is the one available for humanity use. This is sourced from inland aqua bodies. Sea aqua being not suitable for domestic and industrial human use has made desalination quite a vital means of providing another source of fresh water.
This process entails separation of sea water to two streams. Fresh one with very small concentration of salts dissolved and one with highly concentrated brime. Various forms of energy are required for the success and thereby emergence of different innovations. Different technologies based on different means of achieving this. But not all have a potential future. The MSF, RO and MED have been prophesied to be the dominant means although currently MSF and RO are the widely used.
One of the technology is the multiple stage flash distillation. It is banked on the flash evaporation principle. This is where evaporation takes place not by causing an increase in the temperature, but instead lowering the pressure. It turns out to be a very economical method since the heating is regenerative. The aqua passes over its heat over to its counterpart as it flashes through each stage.
Another form of distillation in the multiple effect, also the MED. Is considered very efficient thermodynamically. It occurs through a series of evaporators known as effects. And applies the principle of lowering the pressure in the different effects. Its economic level is dependent on the number of effects. There are different tubes used. Some submerged, horizontal and others vertical. Has been applied in the Middle East. Its utilization is still low as compare to the MSF but gradually increasing.
Another form of distillation is the vapor compression. Where compression of vapor is the means of heating the incoming aqua. This is made possible by application of two methods. Use of mechanical compressor hand in hand with steam jet. It is built in the principle that boiling point is reduced with reduction of pressure. In small scale units of desalination this method is highly used.
There is also the method of Reverse Osmosis (RO). Where external pressure, more than the osmotic pressure of the marine water, is applied thereby overcoming the osmotic pressure. Therefore leaving behind dissolved salts with the increase in their concentration. In the recent past various developments have emerged to assist in reducing operating cost of the RO plants.
Methods such as solar evaporation, freezing and potabilization are used but not as often as the ones described above.
Marine water comprises a whole 97% of the aqua storage on earth. This is followed by the glaciers which make up only 2% of the summation. Surprisingly only 0.5% is the one available for humanity use. This is sourced from inland aqua bodies. Sea aqua being not suitable for domestic and industrial human use has made desalination quite a vital means of providing another source of fresh water.
This process entails separation of sea water to two streams. Fresh one with very small concentration of salts dissolved and one with highly concentrated brime. Various forms of energy are required for the success and thereby emergence of different innovations. Different technologies based on different means of achieving this. But not all have a potential future. The MSF, RO and MED have been prophesied to be the dominant means although currently MSF and RO are the widely used.
One of the technology is the multiple stage flash distillation. It is banked on the flash evaporation principle. This is where evaporation takes place not by causing an increase in the temperature, but instead lowering the pressure. It turns out to be a very economical method since the heating is regenerative. The aqua passes over its heat over to its counterpart as it flashes through each stage.
Another form of distillation in the multiple effect, also the MED. Is considered very efficient thermodynamically. It occurs through a series of evaporators known as effects. And applies the principle of lowering the pressure in the different effects. Its economic level is dependent on the number of effects. There are different tubes used. Some submerged, horizontal and others vertical. Has been applied in the Middle East. Its utilization is still low as compare to the MSF but gradually increasing.
Another form of distillation is the vapor compression. Where compression of vapor is the means of heating the incoming aqua. This is made possible by application of two methods. Use of mechanical compressor hand in hand with steam jet. It is built in the principle that boiling point is reduced with reduction of pressure. In small scale units of desalination this method is highly used.
There is also the method of Reverse Osmosis (RO). Where external pressure, more than the osmotic pressure of the marine water, is applied thereby overcoming the osmotic pressure. Therefore leaving behind dissolved salts with the increase in their concentration. In the recent past various developments have emerged to assist in reducing operating cost of the RO plants.
Methods such as solar evaporation, freezing and potabilization are used but not as often as the ones described above.
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